Pakistan Trades (Million US $) Period Exports (BOP) Growth Rate Imports (BOP) Growth Rate Balance of Trade Value Cumulative Value Cumulative a b Monthly Period to Period c d Monthly Period to Period a-c b-d Jul-13 2,194 2,194 10.0 8.6 3,458 3,458 4.3 0.4 -1,264 -1,264 Aug-13 2,009 4,203 -8.4 3.8 3,468 6,926 0.3 3.7 -1,459 -2,724 Sep-13 2,054 6,257 2.3 1.7 3,715 10,641 7.1 8.9 -1,661 -4,384 Oct-13 2,063 8,320 0.4 0.6 3,617 14,258 -2.6 5.5 -1,554 -5,938 Nov-13 1,820 10,140 -11.8 -1.5 3,265 17,523 -9.7 3.4 -1,445 -7,383 Dec-13 2,327 12,467 27.9 2.6 3,594 21,117 10.1 5.3 -1,267…
Author: S. Kamal Hayder Kazmi
The Ministry of Finance statistics showed that Pakistan’s imports are mostly concentrated in a few markets. The country’s imports from states like China, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Indonesia constitutes greater than 50 percent of the total imports. During fiscal year FY2017-18, share of imports from China has declined from 32 percent in previous fiscal year to 25 percent in July-January 2017-18. However, share of import from UAE, has declined by 2 percent during July-January 2017-18 as against to the corresponding period previous year. According to the provisional statistics compiled by (PBS) Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, imports into Pakistan in December,…
Textile industry gritty to double the exports in next 5 years Researchers find that the developing countries are rapidly growing their shares of manufactured trade, not just in labour-intensive products, but also in capital and skill-intensive ones; their shares are growing chiefly and rapidly in the high-technology area. However, manufactured exports remain highly concentrated in the developing world, with a few states dominating all forms of export. They have also recorded that within the winning exporting states, there are significant differences in the ‘technology content’ of exports. These trends are tough to show with received trade theory, even taking human…
Pakistan bourse drops 445 points as investors offload holdings Bears dominated trading at the stock market on Friday and the KSE-100 index dropped 445 points as investors were concerned whether the market would sustain the 40,000-point level. Following a brief open in the positive, investors resorted to profit-booking, resulting in a decline of nearly 500 points in the KSE-100 index at the end of first session. Volatility prevailed in the second session, following which the bourse went below 40,900 points by the day’s end. At the end of trading, the benchmark KSE 100-share Index recorded a decrease of 445.4 points,…
Global container freight market bearish as lunar new year hits Sentiment in the container freight market has turned largely bearish as the shutters have come down on Chinese industry for the New Year celebrations, but this was while largely expected, the magnitude of the rate decline is a key concern. Freight rates along major head-hauls from North Asia are expected to lose significant ground over the course of February, with some carriers expecting rates along Platts Container Rate 1 North Asia to North Continent to fall as much as $350/FEU (forty foot equivalent unit) over the first two weeks of…
World oil futures move higher Oil futures edged higher on Friday but ended the week with a loss on renewed concerns about slowing global demand and after the dollar posted its best week in six months. The market was relatively quiet on Friday, with volume of 575,000 contracts, short of the 200-day average of 597,000 daily contracts traded. US West Texas Intermediate crude futures strengthened 8 cents to settle at $52.72 a barrel but recorded a weekly slump of more than 4 percent, their steepest this year. Brent crude futures gained 39 cents to settle at $62.02. On the week,…
Managing Oneself: Revolution in Society Managing oneself is based on these realities: Workers are likely to outlive organizations, and the knowledge worker has mobility. Managing oneself is a REVOLUTION in human affairs. It requires new and unprecedented things from the individual, and especially from the knowledge worker. For, in effect, it demands that each knowledge worker think and behave as a chief executive officer. It also requires an almost 180-degree change in the knowledge workers’ thoughts and actions from what most of us still take for granted as the way to think and the way to act. The shift from…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. Details Last Reference Previous Currency 138 Feb/19 138 Stock Market (points) 41402 Feb/19 41506 Government Bond 10Y (%) 13.24 Feb/19 13.24 GDP Annual Growth Rate (%) 5.79 Dec/17 5.37 Unemployment Rate (%) 5.9 Dec/17 5.9 Inflation Rate (%) 7.19 Jan/19 6.17 Interest Rate (%) 10 Dec/18 10 Balance of Trade (PKR Million) -327232 Dec/18 -371631 Current Account (USD Million) -4082 Dec/18 -3665 Current Account to GDP (%) -4.7…
Market indicators are a series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows, also known as market breadth. CAPITAL MARKET IN PAKISTAN Exchange Rates Currency activity Friday 28-Dec Friday 4-Jan Friday 11-Jan Friday 18-Jan Friday 25-Jan Friday 1-Feb Dollar Buying 138.9 138.85 138.85 139 139.05 138.2 Selling 139.4 139.35 139.35 139.35 139.35 138.6 Pound Buying 175.25 174.5 175.8 179.5 181.5 180 Selling 176.25 175.5 176.75 181.5 183.25 182 Euro…
Debt Capital Markets In Pakistan S.No Type of Security No. of Issues Amount(Rs billion) i. Listed TFC 1 7.00 ii. Privately Placed Term Finance Certificates 5 13.7 iii. Privately Placed Sukuk 7 23.53 iv. Privately Placed Commercial Papers 4 4.42 Total 17 48.65 [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] Pakistan: Outstanding Corporate Debt Securities Sr. No. Name of security No. of issues Amount outstanding (In billion rupees) i. Listed Term Finance Certificates (L-TFCs) 13 20.60 ii. Privately Placed Term Finance Certificates (PPTFCs) and listed on OTC 42 107.26 iii. Sukuk 42 627.97 iv. Privately placed commercial papers 5…
The Ministry of Finance Government of Pakistan mentioned in a statement that in past few years government has recorded significant developments and reforms for capital market and corporate sector of the country. The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), being the apex regulator, has continued to push with the reform agenda to address issues of a fast rising market during the past 5 years 2013 to 2017. The reforms agenda include the following; Demutualization of stock exchanges The Government officials said that consequent to promulgation of the Stock Exchanges (Corporatization, Demutualization and Integration) Act, 2012 the stock exchanges were…
The economists have recorded that Pakistan has entered a new era of equity trading; however, performance of Pakistan’s capital market will depend on local and global economic scenario in the future. During FY 2018, the performance of stock markets showed a mixed trend between July and December; however, the PSX-100 index resumed its momentum from the start in January 2018. The experts also recorded that there are various factors which brought a swing in emotions of the financiers which in turn changed pace of their buying or selling activity. The performance of some of the major sectors cataloged Pakistan Stock…
Saudi Arabia’s 30 biggest stocks to gain global exposure Saudi Arabia’s aim to boost foreign investment in the $496 billion Tadawul stock exchange has taken a leap forward with the launch of a new index of the Kingdom’s biggest publicly traded companies. Top index provider MSCI has teamed up with the Saudi Stock Exchange, known locally as the Tadawul, to launch the tradeable MSCI Tadawul 30 Index. The index will provide investors with a useful benchmark of the largest liquid companies in Saudi Arabia and serve as the basis for development of a Saudi-listed index futures contract, MSCI and Tadawul…
Asia resumes Iran oil imports at lowered rates Asian imports of Iranian crude oil have just started to return but at sharply lower levels as top customers China, India, Japan and South Korea press for additional US sanctions relief when their waivers expire in May. Imports by South Korea, Japan and India have been slashed at least by half from levels before November, when the US re-imposed sanctions on Iran’s oil trade, according to S&P Global Platts calculations. Japan became the latest importer to resume loading Iranian oil on January 20, after South Korea received its first post-sanctions cargo a…
World oil prices rise about 3pc Oil prices rose about 3 percent on Friday on upbeat US jobs data and signs that US sanctions on Venezuelan exports have helped tighten supply, then extending gains after weekly data showed US drillers cut the number of oil rigs. Brent crude oil futures rose $1.91 a barrel, or 3.14 percent, to settle at $62.75 a barrel. The international benchmark notched a weekly gain of about 1.9 percent. US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) futures ended the session at $55.26, up $147 a barrel or 2.73 percent and gained about 3 percent on the week.…
The Infant New Venture Business are not paid to reform customers. Above all, the people who are running a new venture need to spend time outside: in the marketplace, with customers, and with their own sales force, looking and listing. The new venture needs to build in systematic practices to remind itself that a “product” or a “service” is defined by the customer, not by the producer. It needs to work continuously on challenging itself in respect to the utility and value that its products or services contribute to customers. The greatest danger for the new venture is to “know…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. [ads1] Pakistan: Economic Statistics Gross domestic product of Pakistan (at constant basic prices of 2005-06) (Million Rupees) Sector/Industry 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16F 2016-17R 2017-18P A. Commodity Producing Sectors(A+B) 4,102,807 4,245,893 4,400,070 4,528,602 4,700,398 4,928,107 Agricultural Sector ( 1 to 4 ) 2,103,600 2,156,117 2,202,043 2,205,433 2,251,006 2,336,771 1. Crops ( i+ii+iii) 844,860 867,133 868,494 822,689 830,203 862,004 i) Important Crops 524,839 562,707 553,568 521,125 532,498 551,511 ii)…
Market indicators are a series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows, also known as market breadth. CAPITAL MARKET IN PAKISTAN Exchange Rates Currency activity Friday 21-Dec Friday 28-Dec Friday 4-Jan Friday 11-Jan Friday 18-Jan Friday 25-Jan Dollar Buying 139.9 138.9 138.85 138.85 139 139.05 Selling 140.4 139.4 139.35 139.35 139.35 139.35 Pound Buying 176.5 175.25 174.5 175.8 179.5 181.5 Selling 178 176.25 175.5 176.75 181.5 183.25 Euro…
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Internationally, major share of energy demand is contributed by the emerging economies, which are rising at a high rate and undergoing drastic demographic alters. The Finance Ministry of Pakistan recorded that in the developed states, the rise in power demand because of higher living standards, is offset by power efficiency gains borne by the use of energy efficient technology and energy conserving infrastructure. Thus, worldwide energy supply is seeing a shift towards renewable energy exploration. The experts mentioned that the developed states are restructuring their power systems to integrate renewable energy, with visible changes being made on the technological front…
Over the last one year, the Ministry of Finance of Government of Pakistan showed that there has been no significant change in the consumption pattern of energy, although the share of households in electricity consumption has risen slightly to 51 percent. This has been offset by a 1.0 percent fall in share of industry in electricity consumption. Statistics explained that the comparison between consumption patterns of energy during July-Feb FY2018 with the same period last year. The experts recorded that Pakistan’s circular debt payable to the power producers has topped Rs 807 billion and the Government of Pakistan is introducing…
US stocks rise as technology and consumer rally US stocks rose on Friday, with technology and consumer discretionary sectors leading a rally, as upbeat earnings reports helped investors overlook trade and growth worries. A strong rally at start of the year was stalled this week by concerns about global economic growth, US government shutdown and U.S.-China trade talks. But with fourth-quarter earnings largely exceeding Wall Street expectations, the benchmark S&P 500 is holding near six-week highs. News that the US Senate was looking for a way to end a partial US government shutdown, entering its 35th day, also added to…
Northwest Europe RMK 500 cst bunker fuel strengthens An increase in fuel oil exports east from Rotterdam is supporting RMK 500 CST bunker fuel prices, as availability of the higher viscosity fuel tightens. Traders are moving RMG 380 CST and RMK 500 CST fuel oil to Singapore from Northwest Europe to capture value from a firmer East-West spread— a measure of the openness of the arbitrage on the route. The February HSFO East-West spread continued to strengthen, assessed at $27.5/mt Tuesday, 50 cents/mt up from Monday. Rotterdam RMK 500 CST fuel was assessed at minus $4.00/mt against 3.5% FOB Rotterdam…
Oil falls 39 cents, settling at $52.62 The oil market fell on Wednesday as a widespread economic slowdown, which may dent growth in demand for fuel, weighed on energy prices. Crude futures earlier got a boost from hopes that Japan and China would take fiscal stimulus measures to stem the slowdown. Prices got further support from expectations that U.S. crude stockpiles fell last week and official data indicated slowing growth in U.S. shale oil output in the coming years. International Brent crude oil futures fell 35 cents, or about half a percent, to $61.15 per barrel around 2:30 p.m. ET.…
Practice Comes First Decision makers need to factor into their present decisions the “future that has already happened.” Decision makers – in government, in the universities, in business, in the labor unions, in churches – need to factor into their present decisions the future that has already happened. For this they need to know what events have already occurred that do not fit into their present-day assumptions, and thereby create new realities. Intellectuals and scholars tend to believe that ideas come first, which then lead to new political, social, economic, psychological realities. This does happen, but it is the exception.…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. [ads1] Pakistan: Economic Statistics State Bank Of Pakistan (Statistics & Dwh Department) Central Bank Survey (Million Rupees) Items Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 1. Net foreign assets 390,970 229,048 156,074 14,804 -159,525 Claims on nonresidents 2,126,776 1,951,935 1,974,249 2,069,557 2,034,413 a) Monetary Gold, Coin and Bullion 310,357 306,447 334,384 351,721 369,719 b) Holdings of SDRs 56,015 56,084 58,965 54,830 57,233 c) Foreign currency 46,732 60,108 62,531 72,187…
Market indicators are a series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows, also known as market breadth. CAPITAL MARKET IN PAKISTAN Exchange Rates Currency activity Friday 14-Dec Friday 21-Dec Friday 28-Dec Friday 4-Jan Friday 11-Jan Friday 18-Jan Dollar Buying 139.5 139.9 138.9 138.85 138.85 139 Selling 140 140.4 139.4 139.35 139.35 139.35 Pound Buying 175 176.5 175.25 174.5 175.8 179.5 Selling 177 178 176.25 175.5 176.75 181.5 Euro…
HEC recognized universities & degree awarding institutions in Sindh Name Sector Chartered By Discipline Province City Aga Khan University Private Government of Pakistan General Sindh Karachi Baqai Medical University Private Government of Sindh General Sindh Karachi Barret Hodgson University Private Government of Sindh General Sindh Karachi Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari Public Government of Sindh General Sindh Karachi Commecs Institute of Business & Emerging Sciences Private Government of Sindh General Sindh Karachi DHA Suffa University Private Government of Sindh General Sindh Karachi DOW University of Health Sciences Public Government of Sindh General Sindh Karachi Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education Private…
International studies revealed that the internationalization is the integration of intercultural and global dimensions into education. The internationalization of teaching and research is one of the chief strategies adopted through many higher education institutes. The experts mentioned that this is attributed to the need to attract the best students and staff, to raise the quality standards of education and to generate additional revenues. Also, the rise in tertiary enrollments internationally has led to an increase in the need of internationalization. In Pakistan, the Institute of Business Administration (IBA) Karachi is proud to have academic linkages with international-renowned institutions of higher…
The Government of Pakistan has decided to create a knowledge-based society for the on-going development process and though allocating additional financial resources for capacity building, R&D (research & development), provision of education access to low social strata children, declined disparity, raised quality to strengthen retention and fall of dropout rate at all levels. Internationally, experts mentioned that the higher education has been going by fundamental changes for some time. There has been an ideological and organizational shift because of the growing pressure from market forces. When markets were liberalized, private profit-making institutions were permitted to enter into the higher education…
US stocks keep rallying US stocks rallied on Friday, helping Wall Street’s major indexes advance for the fourth consecutive week, as increased hopes the United States and China would resolve their trade dispute lifted shares across sectors. he market was boosted after a Bloomberg report said China sought to raise its annual goods imports from the United States by a combined value of more than $1 trillion in order to reduce its trade surplus to zero by 2024. The news followed a report on Thursday that U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin was considering lifting some or all tariffs imposed on…
Bullish mood persist; upcoming budget, bonds auction and talks with imf in focus The benchmark Index of Pakistan Stock exchange (PSX) closed in the green for the week ended 18th January 2019. It was the third consecutive week the Index posted gain of 258 points and closed at 39,307 level. Positive sentiments were driven by the possibility of third budget of FY19, which is expected to reduce/eliminate advance tax of 0.2% on brokers, rationalize group taxation system, ensure ease of doing business and reduce input cost for export oriented sectors. With the possibility of GIDC Resolution (50% waiver) on the…
Container shippers likely to face a bumpy year ahead IF there was ever a year when the outlook for reliability in the international logistics system was more clouded, 2019 and into 2020 would take the prize. It could be quite a ride. In the ocean container space, certain things have changed to cloud the outlook. One is that following consolidation of the industry over the past three years, carriers have begun behaving differently. Simply put, they are, as a group, less predictable. And that implies greater risk for shippers. Caution in ship ordering and deployment of tonnage was more evident…
World oil prices move higher Oil prices rallied about 3 percent on Friday, boosted after OPEC detailed specifics on its production-cut activity to reduce world supply, and on signals of progress in resolving the U.S.-China trade war. Futures were on track for a third straight week of gains, with Brent crude up $1.64 to $62.82 a barrel, or 2.7 percent, at 11:06 a.m. EST (1606) GMT. U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures were up $1.70 to $53.77 a barrel, or 3.3 percent. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries on Friday issued a list of oil production cuts by…
Long-Range Planning The future requires not just happen if one wishes hard enough. The future requires decisions – now. It imposes risk – now. It requires action – now. It demands allocation of resources, and above all, of human resources – now. It requires work – now. The idea of long-range planning – and much of its reality – rests on a number of misunderstandings. The long range is largely made by short-run decisions. Unless the long range is built into, and based on, short-range plans and decisions, the most elaborate long-range plan will be an exercise in futility. And…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. [ads1] FBR Tax collection (Million Rupees) Period Direct Taxes Indirect Taxes Total Tax Collection Sales Excise Customs Total 1949-50 90 0 39 319 358 448 1959-60 303 270 248 357 875 1,178 1969-70 958 522 1,890 1,240 3,652 4,610 1979-80 5,333 2,410 9,701 12,572 24,683 30,016 1989-90 15,642 18,574 21,433 48,584 88,591 104,233 1999-00 112,950 116,711 55,784 61,659 234,154 347,104 2000-01 124,585 153,565 49,080 65,047 267,692 392,277…
Market indicators are a series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows, also known as market breadth. CAPITAL MARKET IN PAKISTAN Exchange rates in Pakistan Currency activity Friday 7-Dec Friday 14-Dec Friday 21-Dec Friday 28-Dec Friday 4-Jan Friday 11-Jan Dollar Buying 139 139.5 139.9 138.9 138.85 138.85 Selling 139.5 140 140.4 139.4 139.35 139.35 Pound Buying 176 175 176.5 175.25 174.5 175.8 Selling 177.75 177 178 176.25 175.5…
Imports payments by transport & petroleum groups in Pakistan (Thousand US Dollar) Commodity May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 ( R) Nov-18 ( P) Transport Group 326,973 389,919 267,157 201,900 168,899 242,732 209,212 1. Road Motor Vehicles 180,792 180,450 215,703 186,019 155,942 215,355 174,571 Completely Built Unit (CBU) 16,292 21,785 16,553 30,777 21,806 29,075 30,622 A. Buses, Trucks & Oth. Heavy Vehicle 5,074 6,159 5,699 2,504 9,360 6,901 10,173 B. Motor Cars (CBU) 10,795 15,228 9,353 27,745 11,929 22,138 20,293 C. Motor Cycles (CBU) 424 399 1,501 529 517 36 156 Completely Knock Down (CKD) 139,808 122,272 165,273 133,748 111,369 157,512…
During 2018 closed the Government of Pakistan has given the relief to the people and declined the petroleum prices by Rs 4.86 per litre. Statistics presently show that a fall of Rs 4.26 per litre of diesel price. Similarly, the price of kerosene oil has been also cut by Rs 0.52 per litre, whereas the light diesel oil price has been slashed by Rs 2.16 per litre. It is also recorded that the now new prices are– petrol, Rs 90.97; diesel, Rs106.68; light diesel, Rs75.28; kerosene oil, Rs 82.98. It is also said that the Government of Pakistan has notified…
According to the Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association (PAMA), Pakistan’s auto sales registered growth month-on-month (MoM) during December 2018 for the first time in the previous 12-year. Car sales were increased by 11 percent on MoM basis. This is the first time since December 2005 that auto sales increased during December on MoM basis. The experts also recorded that 2018 has been an eventful, but tough, year for auto sector in Pakistan as key developments on the macroeconomic front proved to be hard-hitting for this sector. Statistics showed that the rupee posted massive depreciation against the US dollar, which then led…
US stocks little changed Wall Street ended little changed on Friday as energy shares dropped and investors looked ahead to earnings season, which will kick off next week with Citigroup, JPMorgan and other big banks. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 5.97 points, or 0.02 percent, to 23,995.95, the S&P 500 lost 0.38 points, or 0.01 percent, to 2,596.26 and the Nasdaq Composite dropped 14.59 points, or 0.21 percent, to 6,971.48. Wall Street dipped slightly on Friday, breaking a five-session rally, as energy shares declined and investors looked ahead to earnings season, which kicks off next week with Citigroup, JPMorgan…
Asia tanker markets may face unpredictability For the Asian dirty and clean tanker markets, 2018 was a mixed bag that saw a fragile start but only to end on a fairly strong footing, while 2019 is expected to be a year of waxing and waning. The Very Large Crude Carriers after struggling to meet operating expenses for most part of the year registered an impressive revival in earnings, which averaged around $12,000/day from Q1 to Q3 to over $50,000/day in Q4. [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] Aframax tonnage supply less easy to move Frequent port closures and congestion due to bad…
World oil falls but ends week higher Oil prices fell nearly 2 percent on Friday as investors worried about a global economic slowdown, snapping a nine-day winning streak spurred by US-China trade hopes, but clung to some gains from that rally to end the week higher. Brent crude futures LCOc1 dropped $1.2 to settle at $60.48 a barrel, a 1.95 percent loss. US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures CLc1 were down $1 to settle at $51.59 a barrel, or 1.9 percent. Still, both benchmarks saw their second week of gains, with Brent rising about 6 percent and WTI up…
Balance Continuity and Change Precisely because change is a constant, the foundations have to be extra strong. The more an institution is organized to be a change leader, the more it will need to establish continuity internally and externally, the more it will need to balance rapid change and continuity. One way is to make partnership in change the basis of continuing relationships. Balancing change and continuity requires continuous work on information. Nothing disrupts continuity and corrupts relationships more than poor or unreliable information. It has to become routine for any enterprise to ask at any change, even the most…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. [ads1] Pakistan: Deposit Distributed by Category of Deposit Holders (Million Rupees) Description Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 1. Non Resident Deposits 175,293 183,845 177,772 183,948 205,731 2. Resident (I+II+III+IV+V+VI+VII) 12,261,219 12,160,874 12,472,887 12,368,777 12,535,294 – Government (Including Federal, Provincial & Local) 1,817,785 1,761,745 1,780,634 1,807,634 1,849,242 II. Non-Financial Public Sector Enterprises (NFPSE) 746,629 762,448 791,758 759,968 774,534 III. Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFIs) 332,829 303,842 419,722 295,508 344,429…
Market indicators are a series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows, also known as market breadth. PAKISTAN MARKET INDICATORS Exchange Rates Currency activity Friday 23-Nov Friday 30-Nov Friday 7-Dec Friday 14-Dec Friday 21-Dec Friday 28-Dec Friday 4-Jan Dollar Buying 134.8 138 139 139.5 139.9 138.9 138.85 Selling 135.3 142 139.5 140 140.4 139.4 139.35 Pound Buying 173 175.5 176 175 176.5 175.25 174.5 Selling 175 178 177.75…
Pakistan: Economic Targets & Projections Details FY18 FY19 Target SBP Projections Percent growth Real GDP 5.8 6.2 4.7 – 5.2 CPI (average) 3.9 6 6.5 – 7.5 Billion US$ Remittances 19.6 21.2 20.0 – 21.0 Exports (fob) 24.8 27.9 27.0 – 28.0 Imports (fob) 55.8 58.5 59.5 – 60.5 Percent of GDP Fiscal deficit 6.6 4.9 5.0 – 6.0 Current a/c deficit 5.8 4 5.0 – 6.0 Source: SBP [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] World Economic Outlook Projections (% change unless noted otherwise) Details Year over Year Estimate Projections April 2018 WEO Projections Q4 over Q4 Estimate Projections 2016 2017 2018…
In the ongoing technological era, every state in the globe is trying to keep focusing, improving and making advancement in gaining trillions of dollars Information Technology (IT) market share. The studies believe that developed countries are now engaged in a technological trade war and trying to become a world leader in artificial intelligence. The advanced countries had spent and were spending millions or billions of dollars in technology counting next generation 5G which will ensure downloading large size of fact/statistics/data within minutes or even seconds. It is also said that it would assist fulfill a dream of shifting scattered cities…
The industry experts revealed that the Pakistan’s textiles sector has remained stagnant over the decade because of a number of exogenous and indigenous factors like subsidies given to cotton farmers and other textiles products through various states which distort prices, marketing constraints, worldwide recession and increasingly stringent buyers’ conditionalities. Presently it is also recorded that the Pakistan textile industry shares, in excess, almost 60 percent to the nation’s aggregates fares. The Pakistan textile industry is currently seeing a decline in its development rate. The textile industry shares almost 46 percent of the total outcome. It’s offering 38 percent of workforce…
US stocks climb US stocks surged over 2.5 percent on Friday, boosted by a robust US jobs report, plans for fresh Sino-US trade talks and as Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell pledged patience and sensitivity to risks in the markets. The rally puts Wall Street on course to erase all losses from a day earlier, when stocks plunged after slowing US factory activity on the heels of Apple Inc’s dire revenue warning fueled fears of a global economic slowdown. Nonfarm payrolls surged by 312,000 jobs in December, the largest gain since February and sailed past economists’ expectations of 177,000 jobs.…
South korean shipbuilders to benefit from LNG ship orders in 2019 South Korean shipbuilders are expected to continue to benefit from a growing number of liquefied natural gas (LNG) ship orders this year, sources in the industry quoted as saying on Tuesday. In 2019, the world’s overall LNG ship orders are likely to reach 69, rising from 65 in 2018 and 17 in 2017, according to data compiled by the London-based shipping group Clarkson Research. Rising demand for LNG ships is partly due to China’s policy to encourage businesses to use LNG, an eco-friendly fuel, a shipbuilding official said. Hyundai…
World oil climbs on upcoming us-china talks Oil rose nearly 2 percent on Friday after proposed trade talks between the United States and China eased some fears about a global economic slowdown, but gains were capped after the United States reported a sharp build in refined product inventories. Brent crude LCOc1 futures rose $1.11, a 1.98 percent gain, to settle at $57.06 a barrel. US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude CLc1 futures increased 87 cents to settle at $47.96 a barrel, a 1.85 percent gain. After both benchmarks fell sharply last year, prices posted solid gains in the first week…
Long-Range Planning The future requires not just happen if one wishes hard enough. The future requires decisions – now. It imposes risk – now. It requires action – now. It demands allocation of resources, and above all, of human resources – now. It requires work – now. The idea of long-range planning – and much of its reality – rests on a number of misunderstandings. The long range is largely made by short-run decisions. Unless the long range is built into, and based on, short-range plans and decisions, the most elaborate long-range plan will be an exercise in futility. And…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. Economic Facts Overview Last Reference Previous GDP Annual Growth Rate (%) 5.79 Dec/17 5.37 Unemployment Rate (%) 5.9 Dec/17 5.9 Inflation Rate (%) 6.17 Dec/18 6.5 Interest Rate (%) 10 Nov/18 8.5 Balance of Trade (PKR Million) -371631 Nov/18 -383118 Current Account (USD Million) -3665 Sep/18 -5798 Current Account to GDP (%) -8.2 Jun/18 -5.3 Government Debt to GDP (%) 67.2 Dec/17 66.5 Government Budget (% of GDP)…
Market indicators are a series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows, also known as market breadth. PAKISTAN MARKET INDICATORS Exchange Rates Currency activity Friday 9-Nov Friday 23-Nov Friday 30-Nov Friday 7-Dec Friday 14-Dec Friday 21-Dec Friday 28-Dec Dollar Buying 133.25 134.8 138 139 139.5 139.9 138.9 Selling 133.75 135.3 142 139.5 140 140.4 139.4 Pound Buying 172.5 173 175.5 176 175 176.5 175.25 Selling 174 175 178…
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Statistics show that present strategy initiatives and developments counting monetary tightening, exchange rate depreciation and changes in import and custom duties are all expected to dampen local demand, particularly imports. The extra revenue initiatives and a cut in federal development spending proposed in the Finance Supplementary (Amendment) Bill, 2018 might contain fiscal deficit also. However, these developments would have implications for growth and inflation rate going forward in Pakistan. In this context, statistics also explain that the real GDP growth target of 6.2 percent for FY2019 appears ambitious. The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) also mentioned in a statement that the industrial sector, in particular, may records a slowdown because…
Economists have predicted that the Pakistan’s economic growth in the present fiscal year is expected to hit a 9-year low, dipping to approximately 2.9 percent, adding that looming balance of payment shortage, cut in development expenditures, monetary tightening and depreciation in the local currency will slow down local consumption and investment as well. With this in mind, the Government of Pakistan has unveiled a National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) an upcoming 5-year plan. Sources mention that as of 2015, only 16 percent of Pakistan’s adult population had a bank account. Whereas the number of accounts for women was even lower at 11 percent. This policy adopted through the…
Global markets limp to finish line after volatile week Global investors gravitated toward safe-haven assets on Friday as worries about the world economy persisted, cutting short a two-day rebound in Wall Street stocks. US stock indexes seesawed, making it difficult to end one of the most brutal December selloffs in memory on a high note. After flirting with strong gains in the afternoon, the Dow Jones Industrial Average ended down 76.42 points, or 0.33 percent, to 23,062.4, the S&P 500 lost 3.09 points, or 0.12 percent, to 2,485.74 and the Nasdaq Composite added 5.03 points, or 0.08 percent, to end…
Container market improving, but still shaky A less than convincing performance in the Asia to Mediterranean headhaul market and a sharp fall in Turkish imports have dulled westbound growth prospects. After a flat second quarter, westbound Asia to Mediterranean volumes in the period July-September rose by 3.4%, and returns for October yielded a growth rate of 5.6 percent, according to data from CTS. The year-to-date rise in headhaul demand was by the end of October reading 3.5 percent – a more convincing performance than the anemic 1.2 percent recorded for the North Europe trade. [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] Global marine lubricants market…
What’s in store for OPEC in 2019? OPEC has come through some turbulent times in the last few years as oil prices fell to decade lows. It has implemented production cuts, has rallied Russia to climb onboard the production cut train, has weathered the rise of US shale to never-before-seen highs, has extended those production cuts, has lifted production to quell a nervous market post-Iranian sanctions, and then has managed to pull a rabbit out of a hat by agreeing to yet another production cut—and OPEC is not finished yet. OPEC’s leadership is crucial to its success. It operates under…
Practice Comes First Decision makers need to factor into their present decisions the “future that has already happened.” Decision makers – in government, in the universities, in business, in the labor unions, in churches – need to factor into their present decisions the future that has already happened. For this they need to know what events have already occurred that do not fit into their present-day assumptions, and thereby create new realities. Intellectuals and scholars tend to believe that ideas come first, which then lead to new political, social, economic, psychological realities. This does happen, but it is the exception.…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. Pakistan – Economic Indicators Markets Last Reference Previous GDP Annual Growth Rate (%) 5.79 Dec/17 5.37 Unemployment Rate (%) 5.9 Dec/17 5.9 Inflation Rate (%) 6.5 Nov/18 6.78 Interest Rate (%) 10 Nov/18 8.5 Balance of Trade (PKR Million) -371631 Nov/18 -383118 Current Account (USD Million) -3665 Sep/18 -5798 Current Account to GDP (%) -8.2 Jun/18 -5.3 Government Debt to GDP (%) 67.2 Dec/17 66.5 Government Budget (%…
Market indicators are a series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows, also known as market breadth. PAKISTAN MARKET INDICATORS Exchange Rates Currency activity Friday 9-Nov Friday 23-Nov Friday 30-Nov Friday 7-Dec Friday 14-Dec Friday 21-Dec Dollar Buying 133.25 134.8 138 139 139.5 139.9 Selling 133.75 135.3 142 139.5 140 140.4 Pound Buying 172.5 173 175.5 176 175 176.5 Selling 174 175 178 177.75 177 178 Euro Buying…
Country wise net FDI in Pakistan ($ Million) Country 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Nov 2019 China 126.1 90.6 695.8 319.1 1,063.60 1,211.70 1,812.60 584 UK 205.8 633 157 169.6 151.6 215.8 307.5 79 USA 227.7 227.1 212.1 223.9 13.2 44.6 136.3 56 Hong Kong 80.3 242.6 228.5 136.2 93.3 17.2 4.1 -1.8 Switzerland 127.1 149 209.8 -6.5 58 101.8 79.4 33.1 U.A.E 36.6 22.5 -47.1 213.6 109.7 120.5 10.9 24.1 Italy 200.8 199.4 97.6 115.4 105.4 60.5 56.6 19 Netherlands 22.1 -118.4 5.5 -34.5 29.9 457.6 100.2 -3.1 Austria 68.8 53.3 53.8 24.8 42.7 21.7 27.4 4.8…
Researchers revealed that the exchange rate is a significant factor in this globalization era while considering any state to trade globally because lower currency rate make its exports cheaper and higher make it expensive vice versa. They have also urged that exchange rate also has larger impact on profitability of businesses where they have Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Exchange rate may also improve the risk and uncertainty to dramatic extent in case of international investment. It is studied about fluctuation in exchange rate impacts on trade flows. It is also said that important determinants which may cause volatility of exchange…
According to the January 2018 report of “Global Finance,” an English-language American monthly financial magazine with a Global circulation of over 50,000, the potential attractiveness of Pakistan for investment is a lot lower than India, which has received the Global 10th largest inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) during 2017 despite all its political upheavals, alarming poverty levels, mega corruption scams, human rights violations and rather poor socio-economic indicators. It is also revealed that earlier this year the worldwide flows of FDI had declined by 16 percent during 2017 to a predicted $1.52 trillion. They had reached at $1.81 trillion…
US stocks plummet in volatile trading Wall Street stocks fell sharply in volatile trading on Friday, with the Nasdaq confirming it is in a bear market, as concerns of slowing economic growth led investors to flee stocks in high-valuation sectors such as technology and communication services. The major US stocks indexes accelerated declines in the last hour of trading after White House trade adviser Peter Navarro said the United States and China might not reach a trade deal at the close of a 90-day negotiating window unless Beijing can agree to a profound overhaul of its economic policies. With Friday’s…
Korean shipyards almost sweep LNG ship orders South Korean shipbuilders have bagged over 80 percent of new orders placed around the globe this year to build liquefied natural gas carriers, according to industry data on Tuesday. According to the data, Korean shipyards clinched new orders to build 56 LNG carriers in total, which is 86 percent of total new orders placed globally so far this year to construct 65 such ships. By shipbuilder, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., the world’s top shipyard, has clinched deals to build 25 LNG ships this year. The comparable figures for Samsung Heavy Industries Co. and…
World oil prices tumble Oil prices fell on Friday to their lowest since the third quarter of 2017, heading for losses of more than 11 percent in a week, as global oversupply kept buyers away from the market ahead of holidays over the next two weeks. Crude has lost ground along with major equity markets as investors fret about the strength of the global economy heading into next year. The prospect of a possible government shutdown in the United States, the world’s biggest oil consumer, has added to investors’ worries. Oil markets have pulled back amid concerns about oversupply, despite…
Business Not Financial Strategy “There ain’t no bargains,” and “You get at most what you pay for.” Successful acquisitions are based upon business plans, not financial analyses. Acquisition targets must fit the business strategies of the acquiring company; otherwise, the acquisition is likely to fail. The worst acquisition record of the last decades of the twentieth century was that of Peter Grace, the longtime CEO of W. R. Grace. He was a brilliant man. He set out in the 1950s to build a world-class multinational through financially-based acquisitions. He assembled the ablest group of financial analysts and had them scout…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. [ads1] Economic indicators of Pakistan Details Last Reference Previous Currency 139 Dec/18 139 Stock Market (points) 38285 Dec/18 38063 Government Bond 10Y (%) 12.8 Dec/18 12.8 Overview Last Reference Previous GDP Annual Growth Rate (%) 5.79 Dec/17 5.37 Unemployment Rate (%) 5.9 Dec/17 5.9 Inflation Rate (%) 6.5 Nov/18 6.78 Interest Rate (%) 10 Nov/18 8.5 Balance of Trade (PKR Million) -371631 Nov/18 -383118 Current Account (USD…
Market indicators are a series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows, also known as market breadth. PAKISTAN MARKET INDICATORS Exchange Rates Currency activity Friday 2-Nov Friday 9-Nov Friday 23-Nov Friday 30-Nov Friday 7-Dec Friday 14-Dec Dollar Buying 132.15 133.25 134.8 138 139 139.5 Selling 132.9 133.75 135.3 142 139.5 140 Pound Buying 170 172.5 173 175.5 176 175 Selling 172 174 175 178 177.75 177 Euro Buying…
Net FDI in Pakistan ($ Million) Details 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Sep-2019 Oil & Gas 559.6 502 300.5 248.9 146 192.5 67.6 [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] Pakistan: Average sector wise natural gas consumption (July-Feb FY 2018) Sector Gas Consumption in MMCFD RLNG Total Power 936 401 1,337 Domestic 860 – 860 Commercial 88 – 88 Transport (CNG) 138 53 191 Fertilizer 613 7 620 General Industry 570 171 741 Total 3,205 632 3,837 [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] [ads1] [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″]
International experts state that a well organized and integrated infrastructure for transmission & distribution of natural gas is one of the biggest in developing world. Our domestic experts also mention that the natural gas is a main contributing fuel in Pakistan’s energy mix. The optimistic growth of many sectors like commercial, residential, power and fertilizer and depletion of gas reserves resulted in constrained natural gas availability. The government experts calculated that the natural gas is indigenous supplies share approximately 38 percent in total primary energy supply mix of Pakistan and it has an extensive gas network of over 12,829 km…
Byco Petroleum Pakistan Limited a leading oil refining company in Pakistan has raised its share in the country’s gasoline supply by sevenfold. It is said that the share of Byco Petroleum has risen from 1 to 7 percent in Pakistan supply pool of motor gasoline. The management of the company mentioned in their financial statement that during the quarter ended 30th September, 2018 which was yet another challenging period for the oil sector as Pak Rupee posted another depreciation of 6 percent and crude oil prices raised by 4 percent. The experts of Byco also mentioned that this has resulted…
US stocks tumble on global economic slowdown Wall Street’s three major indexes tumbled on Friday and the Dow confirmed a correction as weak data from China and Europe stoked fears of a global economic slowdown, while Johnson & Johnson shares were the biggest drag after Reuters reported the company knew for decades that its Baby Powder contained asbestos. The S&P 600 small cap index confirmed it was in a bear market after closing 20.05 percent below its Aug. 31 peak, falling 1.6 percent on the day. The Johnson & Johnson report, which the company has disputed, sent its shares tumbling…
USGC clean tanker rates hit multi-year highs Rates in the Americas clean tankers market for vessels leaving the US Gulf Coast in early December are up to multi-year highs after US Gulf Coast-Caribbean and USGC-East Coast Mexico routes were assessed at levels last seen in 2015. On Tuesday, sources in both US refined product and shipping markets quoted as saying this was mainly because of robust USGC gasoline exports, which is borne out in data from the US Energy Information Administration. Stronger clean tanker costs are evident when viewing a number of routes in the Western Hemisphere. S&P Global Platts…
World oil prices decline Oil prices slipped on Friday after China reported slower economic growth, pointing to lower fuel demand in the world’s biggest oil importer, although market sentiment was supported by supply cuts agreed last week by major crude producers. Benchmark Brent crude was down 40 cents at $61.05 per barrel in Asian trade on Friday on course for a decline this week of around 1 percent. US light crude was 25 cents lower at $52.33. China, the world’s No.2 economy, on Friday reported some of its slowest growth in retail sales and industrial output in years, highlighting the…
Managing Oneself: Identify Strengths It takes far less energy to move from first-rate performance to excellence than it does to move from incompetence to mediocrity. You can learn to identify your strengths by using feedback analysis. This is a simple process in which you write down every one of your key decisions and key actions along with the results that you expect them to achieve. Nine to twelve months later, check the actual results against expectations. After two to three years of use, you will know your strengths by tracking those decisions and actions where actual results fell in line…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. [ads1] Pakistan – Economic Indicators Markets Last Reference Previous Currency 139 Dec/18 139 Stock Market (points) 38307 Dec/18 38852 Government Bond 10Y (%) 12.7 Dec/18 12.5 GDP Annual Growth Rate (%) 5.79 Dec/17 5.37 Unemployment Rate (%) 5.9 Dec/17 5.9 Inflation Rate (%) 6.5 Nov/18 6.78 Interest Rate (%) 10 Nov/18 8.5 Balance of Trade (PKR Million) -371631 Nov/18 -383118 Current Account (USD Million) -3665 Sep/18 -5798…
Market indicators are a series of technical indicators used by traders to predict the direction of the major financial indexes. Most market indicators are created by analyzing the number of companies that have reached new highs relative to the number that created new lows, also known as market breadth. PAKISTAN MARKET INDICATORS Exchange Rates Currency Activity Friday 26-Oct Friday 2-Nov Friday 9-Nov Friday 23-Nov Friday 30-Nov Friday 7-Dec Dollar Buying 131.45 132.15 133.25 134.8 138 139 Selling 132.35 132.9 133.75 135.3 142 139.5 Pound Buying 168.5 170 172.5 173 175.5 176 Selling 170.5 172 174 175 178 177.75 Euro Buying…
Net FDI From UAE In Pakistan ($ Million) Country 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Oct 2019 U.A.E 36.6 22.5 -47.1 213.6 109.7 120.5 10.9 20.6 [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] United Arab Emirates Economic Review (annual percent change unless indicated otherwise) Real GDP growth, at constant market prices 3.1 3.8 2.3 2.0 2.5 3.2 Private Consumption 25.3 -12.0 2.1 2.4 3.2 3.2 Government Consumption 5.8 16.6 -0.9 -0.5 2.5 2.5 Gross Fixed Capital Investment 8.3 10.6 3.0 2.8 7.9 10.3 Exports, Goods and Services 0.2 3.4 1.3 2.5 4.0 4.0 Imports, Goods and Services 12.3 -1.2 1.7…
Experts highlight that United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a society which conjoins greater than 200 nationalities and they also added Pakistan’s contribution in the development of the country by living in peace and harmony. It is also explained that 1.6 million Pakistanis were contributing to the development and prosperity of the Emirati state. Experts further stated that the year 2018 is an important year for UAE as it posted a steady evolution in the economic and trade sectors and making substantial progress in social development apart from playing a major role in foreign and regional affairs. The government officials also…
No doubt, United Arab Emirates commercial activity have a highest economic freedom in the Arab world. There is a wealth of opportunities to rise for UAE companies. These trading movement assists to reduce poverty in the country, generate further career opportunities and making workforce and credit easily available. The Central Bank of United Arab Emirates (UAE) revealed in the present statement that the UAE’s real growth registered 3.1 percent year-on-year (YoY) rise in the third quarter of 2018, driven by both oil and non-oil sectors, Real oil GDP rose 2.7 percent YoY basis in third quarter of 2018 while non-oil…
US stocks 2.2pc lower to finish bruising week Major US stock indices slumped more than two percent on Friday to conclude a bruising week for markets rattled by the US-China trade clash. The Dow Jones Industrial Average ended down 2.2 percent, or more than 550 points, at 24,388.95. The broad-based S&P 500 slumped 2.3 percent to 2,633.08, while the tech-rich Nasdaq Composite Index tumbled 3.1 percent to 6,969.25. The losses ended the worst week for US stocks since March and left both the Dow and S&P 500 in negative territory for the year. The declines followed a mixed US jobs…
Floating lng cargoes in Asia find buyers as prices plunge Several liquefied natural gas (LNG) cargoes that had been stored on vessels in Asian waters are now heading towards buyers’ terminals in China, Japan or South Korea as spot prices for the super-chilled fuel have plunged this week to multi-month lows. The data also shows that at least five laden LNG tankers remain in Singapore waters. Three of them have been there holding LNG in storage since the second half of October. Storing LNG on tankers is generally seen as a riskier bet than holding crude oil on the water,…
Pakistan seeks Belarusian technologies for dairy sector Pakistan on Wednesday sought Belarusian technologies to improve milk processing and dairy production as a next step to the bilateral agreements signed three-year back to initiate agriculture technology projects. Pakistan and Belarus signed memoranda of understanding and intention were signed in 2015. The basic purpose was to promote mutual cooperation in the field of agro technology and research in areas identified mutually by both the governments: scientific cooperation and research, exchange of agro machinery and research in the field of cattle farming. [divider style=”normal” top=”20″ bottom=”20″] Oil prices jump on OPEC-led cuts Oil…
Hitting Them Where They Aren’t “Hitting them where they aren’t” outflanks the by creative imitation. Here, the innovator doesn’t create a major new product or service. Instead, it takes something just created by somebody else and improves upon it. This is imitation. But it is creative imitation because the innovator reworks the new product or service to better satisfy customers’ wants and needs. Once the innovator succeeds in creating what customers want, it can achieve leadership and take control of the market. The prefect example is how IBM became the leading producer of PCs in the 1970s. Apple invented the…
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. [ads1] Pakistan – Economic Indicators Overview Last Reference Previous Employed Persons 62230 Thousand Dec/17 58530 Unemployed Persons 3620 Thousand Dec/15 3580 Population 200 Million Dec/17 208 Living Wage Family 29700 PKR/Month Dec/18 29500 Living Wage Individual 13500 PKR/Month Dec/18 13400 Wages High Skilled 51400 PKR/Month Dec/18 49200 Wages Low Skilled 28700 PKR/Month Dec/18 21700 Interbank Rate 7.85 % Jul/18 6.83 Money Supply M0 5419477 PKR Million Sep/18…