Introduction
Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection, has become a recurring public health challenge in Pakistan. Spread primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, this disease has seen a surge in recent years due to urbanization, stagnant water, and changing weather patterns. Understanding Dengue—its symptoms, causes, and most importantly, prevention—is critical to reducing its impact.
What is Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever is caused by the Dengue virus (DENV), which has four different strains. It can range from a mild flu-like illness to severe dengue (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever or Dengue Shock Syndrome), which can be life-threatening without prompt treatment.
Causes of Dengue
Mosquito Bites: The primary cause of Dengue is the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito, especially during early morning and evening hours.
Climatic Conditions: Warm and humid climates help mosquitoes breed in stagnant water sources.
Urbanization: Overcrowded cities and poor waste management provide ideal conditions for mosquito breeding.
Water Storage Practices: Open containers and improper water storage in homes and construction sites contribute to the spread.
Common Symptoms of Dengue
- Sudden high fever (up to 104°F)
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Muscle and joint pain (often called “breakbone fever”)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Skin rashes
- Mild bleeding (gum or nose bleeding)
Severe dengue can cause plasma leakage, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, and even organ failure.
Prevention of Dengue: Protecting Yourself and Your Family
- Eliminate Breeding Sites
- Regularly empty or cover water storage containers.
- Avoid stagnant water in flower pots, tyres, or old buckets.
- Use Mosquito Repellents
- Apply DEET-based repellents, especially on exposed skin.
- Use mosquito nets while sleeping.
- Wear Protective Clothing
- Long sleeves, trousers, and socks help reduce skin exposure.
- Install Screens
- Fit windows and doors with mosquito screens to prevent entry.
- Community Cleanliness Campaigns
- Engage in local clean-up drives and support municipal efforts to spray insecticides.
Dengue in Pakistan: A Rising Concern
Pakistan witnesses a spike in Dengue cases post-monsoon, especially from July to November. Cities like Lahore, Karachi, and Rawalpindi are often hotspots due to poor drainage systems and high population density. The government conducts fumigation campaigns and awareness drives, but public participation remains key.
Treatment Options
There is no specific antiviral treatment for Dengue. Patients are advised to:
- Take paracetamol for fever (avoid aspirin or ibuprofen)
- Stay hydrated with fluids
- Get regular medical check-ups to monitor for warning signs
Severe cases may require hospitalization and intensive care.
Final Thoughts
Dengue fever is a preventable disease. With increased awareness, community participation, and effective vector control strategies, we can reduce its spread. Personal responsibility—keeping your surroundings clean and protecting yourself from mosquito bites—can go a long way in fighting this epidemic in Pakistan.