Pakistan’s electricity sector is entering a period of structural change. For years, the country has struggled with imported fuel dependence, volatile international energy prices, exchange-rate pressures, circular debt, and the high cost of maintaining an oversized electricity system. At the same time, consumers are increasingly turning to solar energy to protect themselves from rising electricity bills. The next phase of Pakistan’s energy journey, therefore, is unlikely to be dominated by a single technology. Instead, the country’s energy landscape is likely to be shaped by a combination of hydropower, Thar coal, biomass, and battery energy storage. Hydropower will remain an important…
