Pakistan spent decades trying to solve an electricity shortage. The next economic challenge is different: How do we ensure that the electricity we produce translates into factories, exports, investment and jobs? Pakistan’s energy debate has entered a new phase. For years, the focus was on overcoming load shedding and expanding generation capacity. Significant investments were made in the power sector, and the country moved away from the era of severe electricity shortages. However, energy policy cannot be measured only by megawatts added. The real economic value of electricity comes when it supports productive activity i.e. when factories expand, exports grow,…